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Carex montis-eeka

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Loosely to moderately densely tufted perennials with short–decumbent to ascending rhizomes.

Stems: culms stiffly erect, obtusely trigonous, 10–70 cm tall, smooth.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Blades linear, stiff, strongly involute, (0.3–)1–2.5 mm wide when inrolled. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths dorsally pale brownish, the hyaline ventral side pale, 5–15 cm long, scarcely split into fibers. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in spikes 2–4, subsessile, congested or the lower ones well-spaced, erect, the terminal spike pale brown, staminate, clavate, obtuse, 1–3 cm long, the lateral spikes androgynous or pistillate, cylindrical to oblong, 1–3 cm long, 3–5 mm wide, subsessile; bracts not sheathing, the lowest one 2–3 times as long as the inflorescence; pistillate glumes pale brown, ovate, ca. 3 mm long, apex subobtuse or mucronate, chartaceous, 3–nerved; perigynium chartaceous, pale green to pale brown, lanceoloid, spreading from axis, 3–5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, biconvex to plano-convex, 3–nerved and with marginal nerves, glabrous, the short beak subtruncate or minutely bidenticulate. Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; stigmas 3.

Fruit: Achenes obovoid; trigonous. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in bogs.

Elevation Range: 640–2,255 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 486 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1390 (K, Mo, M); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:169 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2203 Kauai BISH 1971-10-03
2 Carex montis-eeka Eeke, Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 465 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
3 Carex montis-eeka Kaholuamanu swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 418 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
4 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7621 Maui BISH 1976-01-06
5 Carex montis-eeka W Waimea drainage basin, Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1155 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
6 Carex montis-eeka Kauluwehi Swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9016 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
7 Carex montis-eeka Kokee, Alakai Swamp Trail, jct. with Pihea Trail to Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5044 Kauai BISH 1983-08-30
8 Carex montis-eeka W Waimea drainage basin, Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 881 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
9 Carex montis-eeka Kauluwehi Swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9016 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
10 Carex montis-eeka Mts. above Puu Kolekole Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 199 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
11 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, summit of Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8190 Maui BISH 1910-08-21
12 Carex montis-eeka Waimea Bog Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 420 Kauai BISH 1956-12-28
13 Carex montis-eeka Waialeale, summit Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3059 Kauai BISH 1938-08-23
14 Carex montis-eeka Hanalei, NE Alakai, Forests, bogs, and drainages Metrosideros-Cheirodendron, montane wet forests, bogs, and riparian habitat w/ Broussaisia arguta, Dubautia paleata, Labordia waialealae, L. Pumilla, Polyscias waialealae, Vaccinium calycinum, Pipturus ruber, Deschampsia nubigena, Machaerina angustifolia, Melicope clusiifolia Preserved_Specimen Sedge, errect 30-40 cm, leaves stiffly ascending, strongly involute, w/ inflorescense, occasional. K.R. Wood 19278 Kauai BISH 2023-01-13
15 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Maui BISH 1957-08-29
16 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, summit of Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8190 Maui BISH 1910-08-21
17 Carex montis-eeka Waialeale, summit Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3042 Kauai BISH 1938-08-23
18 Carex montis-eeka Above Pelekunu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 557 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
19 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Puu Kukui open bogs, edge of upper rainforest Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 641 Maui BISH 1928-12-20
20 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Kalapawili Ridge, E of Wai Anapanapa Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3058 Maui BISH 1973-08-08
21 Carex montis-eeka Kaunakakai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Molokai BISH 1904-01-01
22 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp, Waineke Swamp, Kokee clay bog Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2204 Kauai BISH 1926-06-28
23 Carex montis-eeka W Maui In bog, a few hundred feet below summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8258 Maui BISH 1927-08-29
24 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Puu Kukui edge of pond in open bogs Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 78 Maui BISH 1928-12-18
25 Carex montis-eeka Kukui top bog Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 741 Maui BISH 1922-10-09
26 Carex montis-eeka NE Haleakala, 1.5 mi NE of Paliku Cabin mire; with Deschampsia, Oreobolus, Carex svenonis, Panicum lamiatile, Luzula, Vaccinium pahalae Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3610 Maui BISH 1969-06-21
27 Carex montis-eeka Waikolu Valley, Kawela, ridge between Hanalilolilo and Pepeopae open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12560 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
28 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, N rim Kipahulu bog; with Deschampsia, Plantago Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 310 Maui BISH 1973-07-29
29 Carex montis-eeka Wahiawa, Kahili Bog open Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13569 Kauai BISH 1933-12-24
30 Carex montis-eeka NW Alakai Swamp, Napali-Kona FR open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10773 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
31 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, inside Waihoi Crater small bog; with Carex svenonis, Deschampsia, moss Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 586 Maui BISH 1974-03-17
32 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, W of Waihoi Crater bog; with Deschampsia, Rhacomitrium lanuginosum Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 591 Maui BISH 1974-01-13
33 Carex montis-eeka Wahiawa Bog in open bog Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1931 Kauai BISH 1971-04-04
34 Carex montis-eeka Maui bog; with Oreobolus, Styphelia douglasii, Plantago Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 245 Maui BISH 1982-08-01
35 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, W of Puu Kukui summit lower bog; water and mud Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 25067 Maui BISH 1959-03-25
36 Carex montis-eeka east Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Kawaipapa drainage basin in small bog. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Machaerina, Rhynchospora, Carex, Dubautia, Dicanthelium, Viola, Dicranopteris, Lobelia, Plantago, Schizaea, Leptecophylla, Scaevola, Lycopodium. Preserved_Specimen Locaclly common Oppenheimer, H.L. 81328 Maui BISH 2013-08-20
37 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, Lahaina District, Puu Kukui, between Nakalalua and summit edge of pool in open bog Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10039 Maui BISH 1933-08-24
38 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, NE Haleakala, 1.5 mi NE of Paliku Cabin bog; with Deschampsia, Carex svenonis, Oreobolus, Panicum, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3901 Maui BISH 1969-07-18
39 Carex montis-eeka central plateau open bog Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15192 Molokai BISH 1916-10-13
40 Carex montis-eeka Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Bog Assocaited with Rhynchospora spiciformis, Carex svenonis, C. alligata, Oreobolus furcatus, Styphelia, Vaccinium pahalae, and Argyroxiphium. Preserved_Specimen Occasional sedge with stiff, dark green leaves. Davis, J. 537 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
41 Carex montis-eeka Pepeopae Bog rain forest Preserved_Specimen coming into flower Degener, O. 8271 Molokai BISH 1928-05-01
42 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, edge of Violet Lake in water, among bogs Preserved_Specimen Krauss, R.W. 468 Maui BISH 1948-09-12
43 Carex montis-eeka Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve Bog Associated with Rhynchospora spiciformis, Carex svenonis, C. alligata, Oreobolus furcatus, Styphelia, Vaccinium pahalae, and Argyroxiphium. Preserved_Specimen Occasional sedge with stiff, dark green leaves. Davis, J. 537 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
44 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, N rim of Kipahulu large bog; with Carex alligata Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 309 Maui BISH 1973-07-10
45 Carex montis-eeka Alakai swamp, Kilohana and Wainiha rim Platanthera bog in Metrosideros-Oreobolus bog; Styphelia, Lysimachia daphnoides, Coprosma elliptica, Gahnia, Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Hedyotis terminalis, Viola kauaiensis, Myrsine petiolata, Vaccinium, Rhynchospora, Carex montis-eeka, Dubautia paleata Preserved_Specimen 0.25-0.5 m sedge; flower, fruit; in standing water and edges of pools Perlman, S. 18633 Kauai BISH 2003-10-10
46 Carex montis-eeka E Highland, Pepeopae In the bog. Preserved_Specimen Fls.. frt. Cranwell, L.M. 2529 Molokai BISH 1938-07-07
47 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, Lahaina District, trail to Puu Kukui with Oreobolus, Plantago, Geranium humile Preserved_Specimen root stocks deep in turf Krauss, R.W. 424 Maui BISH 1948-09-08
48 Carex montis-eeka Waikolu Valley, Kawela, between Hanalilolilo and Pepeopae swampy rain forest Preserved_Specimen tufts St.John, H. 12606 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
49 Carex montis-eeka Pepeopae Bog between trees on edge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8237 Molokai BISH 1928-05-08
50 Carex montis-eeka Puu Kukui summit bogs 55% cover of Metrosideros polymorpha,~25-50 cm high, 15% cover of Argyroxiphium grayanum, 5% cover of Oreobolus furcatus; Coprosma ochracea, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Vaccinium dentatum, Geranium hillebrandii, Lycopodiella cernua, Carex montis-eeka, Deschampsia nubigena, Dichanthelium cynodon, Dichanthelium hillebrandianum Preserved_Specimen terrestrial sedge, leaves and culm stiffly erect Wood, K.R. 11508 Maui BISH 2005-08-25
51 Carex montis-eeka Pepeopae bog with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium pahalae, V. calycium, Plantago hillebrandii, Smilax, Viola maviensis Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 848 Molokai BISH 1982-05-27
52 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp bog Preserved_Specimen erect, stiff; small clumps; leaves dark green, clumes brownish yellow van Royen, P. 11704 Kauai BISH 1977-09-01
53 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, N rim of Kipahulu bog; with Plantago and greenswords Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 247 Maui BISH 1973-08-13
54 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp bog Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21647 Kauai BISH 1952-01-19
55 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Puu Kukui open bog Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 45 Maui BISH 1928-12-20
56 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, W of Puu Kukui summit, lower bog water and mud Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 25067 Maui BISH 1959-03-25
57 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Mt. Eke summit fog swept, dry plateau Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8257 Maui BISH 1927-08-30
58 Carex montis-eeka Kamakou Preserve, Kawela Section, Pepeopae Bog Growing with low shrubby `ohi`a, `uki, Oreobolus furcatus and Rhynchospora spiciformis. Preserved_Specimen Sedge about 1' tall. Inflorescence green. Cuddihy, L.W. 1196 Molokai BISH 1982-05-27
59 Carex montis-eeka Puu Kukui open bog, scattered but common Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1327 Maui BISH 1968-11-28
60 Carex montis-eeka S Hilo, Waiakea FR, Power Line Road, Pole 27, ~2 mi S of jct. with Saddle Rd., 1 mi E of road boggy, with sedges and grasses; with Panicum, Plantago, Rhynchospora, Styphelia, Hypochoeris Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 2387 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-21
61 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, Puu Kukui open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10262 Maui BISH 1930-02-07
62 Carex montis-eeka E Haleakala, 2 mi NE of Paliku Cabin, between Wai Anapanapa and Wai Eleele bog; with Carex svenonis, Deschampsia, Luzula Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3570 Maui BISH 1969-06-19
63 Carex montis-eeka Pepeopae Bog Preserved_Specimen sterile Degener, O. 8365 Molokai BISH 1928-04-23
64 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Mt. Eke bog, near summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8264 Maui BISH 1927-08-27
65 Carex montis-eeka Above Pelekunu open bog Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 379 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
66 Carex montis-eeka Alakai betw. Lehua makanoe and Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2870 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
67 Carex montis-eeka East Maui, Hana Rainforest at Big Bog. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1836 Maui BISH 1994-03-30
68 Carex montis-eeka Halekala, Waianapanapa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1182 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
69 Carex montis-eeka NW Alakai Swamp, Napali-Kona FR open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10773 Kauai BISH 1931-12-27
70 Carex montis-eeka West Maui, Puu Kukui open bog Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 847 Maui BISH 1948-06-26
71 Carex montis-eeka Haleakala, Kipahulu-Kuhiwa divide, Wai Anapanapa wet meodow Preserved_Specimen tufts of 6-8 culms, diverging; blades channeled, firm; perigynia green; female scales green with paler margins Krauss, R.W. 20985 Maui BISH 1945-08-13
72 Carex montis-eeka W Maui, from Haelaau to Puu Kukui bog; with Oreobolus Preserved_Specimen Krauss, R.W. 467 Maui BISH 1948-09-12
73 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp open bog Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 915 Kauai BISH 1984-08-21
74 Carex montis-eeka Hana Forest Reserve, headwaters of Kawaipapa Machaerina-Rhynchospora-Racomitrium montane bog W/ Dcranopteris linearis, Lycopodiella cernua, Cheirondendron trigynum, Trematolobelia macrstachys, Vaccinium dentatum, Peperomia kipahuluensis, Metrosideros polymorpha Viola maviensis, L Preserved_Specimen Sedge, culms erect, leaves involute Wood, K.R. 15617 Maui BISH 2013-08-20
75 Carex montis-eeka Pepeopae Bog among trees Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8235 Molokai BISH 1928-05-03
76 Carex montis-eeka Alakai Swamp near Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 943 Kauai BISH 1922-10-27
77 Carex montis-eeka Waialeale swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12754 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
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